AI Career Index · Rankings

Top 25 AI Career Risk Rankings

Ranked lists across 1592 roles in the index. The most exposed, the most insulated, and the highest projected wage compression in dollar terms. Scores are deterministic and derived from the same structural framework used on every role page.

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How to read these rankings

Four cuts of the same dataset

The most exposed list ranks roles by how much of the day-to-day work AI can already do. A high score does not mean the job disappears. It means a large part of the work is the kind AI handles well, so the production layer of the role faces the steepest pressure on hiring and pay.

The lowest risk of automation list flips that order. These are the roles held safe by professional licences, named accountability, hands-on work, or relationships AI cannot replace. As AI absorbs the work around them, these roles tend to gain value, which is why they are useful for school-leaver decisions, mid-career pivots, or anyone planning a long horizon.

The best-paid durable list takes the safest roles and sorts them by US median pay. Same low-risk careers, ranked by what they actually earn. This is the practical answer when both safety from AI and a strong salary matter together.

The biggest wage compression list shows where the dollar value of AI-replaceable work is largest. We multiply each role's share of routine work by its US median pay. A role with 60% routine work and a $100K salary carries $60K of pay sitting in work AI can already do. A role with the same 60% share and a $40K salary carries only $24K. This list surfaces where the income at risk is concentrated.

Pick a focused ranking

Four rankings, four answers

Each leaderboard has its own dedicated page with the full Top 100, methodology, and FAQ. Pick the one that matches the question on your mind.

Industries Most Exposed to AI

Prefer the big picture? Every industry ranked by its average AI exposure score, with the number of roles behind each.

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Skip the leaderboards. Jump straight to your role.

Type your job title to open the full structural reading: risk band, automation share, durable skills, the six-month plan, and where the role sits in the wider ranking.

Top 25 Most Exposed Roles

The roles where AI can already do the largest share of the day-to-day work. These jobs face the steepest pressure on hiring, pay, and headcount as AI tooling absorbs the production layer.

Reading the columns: Median Wage from BLS OEWS. AI Adoption is the share of work in the role already showing real-world AI usage today, from the Anthropic Economic Index; a 0% reading means no measurable usage in the AEI sample, not that AI cannot apply. Econ. Impact is the role's total US economic value (median wage × total US employment). Score is the composite exposure score 0–100.

#
Role
Median wage
AI Adoption
Econ. impact
Score
1
Billing Clerks
Finance·High Exposure
$48,500/yr
19%
$19.60B
86
2
Public Relations Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$146,910/yr
23%
$11.00B
86
3
Motion Designers
Creative·High Exposure
$102,030/yr
36%
$2.04B
86
4
Court Reporters
Legal·High Exposure
$72,420/yr
34%
$932.0M
86
5
Parking Enforcement Workers
Government & Public Sector·High Exposure
$46,730/yr
< 0.1%
$422.9M
86
6
Hotel Desk Clerks
Hospitality & Travel·High Exposure
$35,070/yr
17%
$9.17B
86
7
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
Finance·High Exposure
$58,260/yr
4.9%
$8.92B
86
8
Parking Attendants
Personal Care & Services·High Exposure
$35,150/yr
< 0.1%
$4.85B
86
9
Computer and ATM Repairers
Technology·High Exposure
$47,810/yr
11%
$3.14B
86
10
Bookkeepers
Finance·High Exposure
$50,670/yr
31%
$69.60B
85
11
Notaries Public
Legal·High Exposure
$48,700/yr
10%
$8.75B
85
12
Business Development Reps
Sales·High Exposure
$69,990/yr
24%
$87.91B
85
13
Lab Technicians
Science & Research·High Exposure
$57,510/yr
6.0%
$4.00B
85
14
Title Examiners
Government & Public Sector·High Exposure
$58,650/yr
2.2%
$2.85B
85
15
New Accounts Clerks
Finance·High Exposure
$47,670/yr
< 0.1%
$1.76B
85
16
Desktop Publishers
Creative·High Exposure
$55,290/yr
46%
$185.2M
85
17
Other Communications Equipment Roles
Operations·High Exposure
$54,680/yr
19%
$65.6M
85
18
Marketing Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
84
19
Graphic Designers
Creative·High Exposure
$62,960/yr
37%
$12.46B
84
20
Legal Researchers
Legal·High Exposure
$62,890/yr
29%
$24.71B
84
21
Logistics Coordinators
Supply Chain & Logistics·High Exposure
$82,320/yr
16%
$20.67B
84
22
Medical Secretaries
Healthcare·High Exposure
$45,930/yr
36%
$44.17B
84
23
Legislative Assistants
Government & Public Sector·High Exposure
$47,540/yr
45%
$81.14B
84
24
Sewing Machine Operators
Manufacturing·High Exposure
$36,670/yr
< 0.1%
$3.85B
84
25
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
Operations·High Exposure
$59,650/yr
9.3%
$23.27B
84

Top 25 Roles With the Lowest Risk of Automation

The safest jobs in the index. They are protected by professional licences, named accountability, hands-on work, or the kind of judgment AI cannot replace. As AI absorbs the work around them, these roles tend to gain value over time. Useful for school-leaver decisions, mid-career pivots, or anyone planning long term.

#
Role
Median wage
AI Adoption
Econ. impact
Score
1
Solutions Architects
Technology·Low Exposure
$116,580/yr
31%
$50.76B
16
2
ServiceNow Developers
Technology·Low Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
16
3
UX Researchers
Technology·Low Exposure
$78,760/yr
65%
$70.85B
16
4
Crematory Operators
Operations·Low Exposure
$43,650/yr
1.9%
$129.6M
16
5
Non-Profit Directors
Operations·Low Exposure
$80,390/yr
18%
$16.83B
16
6
Mission Workers
Operations·Low Exposure
$45,930/yr
< 0.1%
$20.11B
16
7
Chief Privacy Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
16
8
Chief Growth Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
16
9
Venture Capitalists
Entrepreneurship·Low Exposure
$166,570/yr
39%
$140.20B
16
10
Actuaries
Finance·Low Exposure
$130,000/yr
5.4%
$3.47B
16
11
PE Associates
Finance·Low Exposure
$78,660/yr
44%
$38.51B
16
12
Facilities Managers
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$106,660/yr
13%
$16.66B
16
13
Theater Directors
Creative·Low Exposure
$90,360/yr
9.2%
$12.93B
16
14
Criminal Defense Attorneys
Legal·Low Exposure
$159,670/yr
17%
$120.47B
16
15
Solutions Engineers
Sales·Low Exposure
$124,900/yr
32%
$6.47B
16
16
Aerospace Engineers
Manufacturing·Low Exposure
$134,960/yr
7.5%
$9.14B
16
17
Massage Therapists
Personal Care & Services·Low Exposure
$58,450/yr
< 0.1%
$5.77B
16
18
Personal Trainers
Personal Care & Services·Low Exposure
$47,160/yr
< 0.1%
$15.23B
16
19
Oncologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16
20
Neurologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16
21
Line Cooks
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$37,390/yr
1.2%
$52.72B
16
22
Wedding Planners
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$61,160/yr
10%
$8.74B
16
23
Paramedics
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$44,470/yr
< 0.1%
$8.03B
16
24
Sustainability Specialists
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$83,050/yr
18%
$90.28B
16
25
Park Rangers
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$90,230/yr
< 0.1%
$396.1M
16

Top 25 Best-Paid Durable Roles

Jobs that are both safe from AI and pay well. We start with the safest third of all roles, then sort by US median pay. The practical answer when both automation safety and a strong salary matter together.

#
Role
Median wage
AI Adoption
Econ. impact
Score
1
Pediatric Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$559,030/yr
< 0.1%
$665.2M
21
2
Cardiologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$496,010/yr
4.1%
$8.58B
24
3
Other Surgical Roles
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$414,010/yr
4.1%
$10.41B
19
4
Anesthesiologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$391,490/yr
< 0.1%
$15.17B
23
5
Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$358,550/yr
< 0.1%
$5.06B
17
6
Plastic Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$358,550/yr
< 0.1%
$5.06B
21
7
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$352,220/yr
< 0.1%
$1.73B
22
8
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$335,550/yr
4.1%
$11.03B
23
9
Ophthalmologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$300,080/yr
< 0.1%
$2.69B
23
10
Orthodontists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$289,140/yr
< 0.1%
$1.80B
22
11
Addiction Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
16
12
Hematologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
18
13
Otolaryngologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
18
14
Pulmonologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
20
15
Gastroenterologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
21
16
Nephrologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
21
17
Urologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
22
18
Nuclear Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
23
19
General Practitioners
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$256,560/yr
8.4%
$17.23B
17
20
Hospitalists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$256,560/yr
8.4%
$17.23B
20
21
Oncologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16
22
Neurologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16
23
Family Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$244,180/yr
< 0.1%
$26.25B
17
24
Family Practitioners
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$244,180/yr
< 0.1%
$26.25B
23
25
Military Pilots
Military & Defense·Low Exposure
$232,140/yr
< 0.1%
$24.04B
19

Top 25 Biggest Wage Compression

Jobs where the dollar value of AI-replaceable work is largest. We multiply each role's share of routine work by its US median pay, so the list shows where high pay meets high exposure. Only includes roles with US wage data.

#
Role
Median wage
AI Adoption
Econ. impact
Score
1
Radiologists
Healthcare·Moderate Exposure
$420,860/yr
20%
$11.27B
52
2
Pathologists
Healthcare·Moderate Exposure
$312,400/yr
16%
$3.47B
45
3
Pediatric Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$559,030/yr
< 0.1%
$665.2M
21
4
Marketing Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
84
5
Other Surgical Roles
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$414,010/yr
4.1%
$10.41B
19
6
Social Media Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
74
7
Public Relations Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$146,910/yr
23%
$11.00B
86
8
Solo Founders
Entrepreneurship·Moderate Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
54
9
Cardiologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$496,010/yr
4.1%
$8.58B
24
10
Mobile App Developers
Technology·High Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
80
11
Bootstrapped Founders
Entrepreneurship·Moderate Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
60
12
Anesthesiologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$391,490/yr
< 0.1%
$15.17B
23
13
Actuarial Analysts
Finance·High Exposure
$130,000/yr
5.4%
$3.47B
79
14
Amazon FBA Operators
Entrepreneurship·Moderate Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
44
15
Fundraising Managers
Marketing·High Exposure
$125,470/yr
9.7%
$4.87B
81
16
Test Automation Engineers
Technology·High Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
71
17
Database Architects
Technology·High Exposure
$139,500/yr
58%
$9.37B
79
18
Mathematicians
Technology·High Exposure
$126,710/yr
42%
$257.2M
76
19
Indie Hackers
Entrepreneurship·Moderate Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
46
20
Financial Risk Specialists
Finance·High Exposure
$117,330/yr
26%
$7.49B
74
21
Digital Marketing Managers
Marketing·Moderate Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
60
22
Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$358,550/yr
< 0.1%
$5.06B
17
23
Prosthodontists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$311,180/yr
< 0.1%
$270.7M
32
24
eCommerce Marketing Managers
Marketing·Moderate Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
52
25
Emergency Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$335,550/yr
4.1%
$11.03B
23
Full dataset

Download the complete ranking

All 1592 roles with their exposure scores, task composition, median wage, and compression exposure in CSV or JSON format. Available to Premium members and workforce-licensed teams.

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Methodology

How these rankings are computed

Two layers feed every row: a deterministic structural score we compute in-house, and three external public datasets that sit alongside it without blending into the score.

AI Career Index framework
In-house · deterministic
Deterministic scoring

Exposure scores derive from role composition inputs in the AI Career Index framework. Same role, same score, every time. No machine learning, no survey data.

In-house · structural
Task composition

Each role is split into routine, strategic, and relational work using category-level priors plus role-specific adjustments. The routine share drives the exposure score.

External public datasets
Source · BLS OEWS, May 2025
Wage data

US median annual wages from BLS OEWS. Wage compression multiplies routine share by median wage to surface where the dollar footprint of compression is largest.

Derived · BLS OEWS
Econ. Impact

Total US economic value of the role, computed as median wage multiplied by total US employment from BLS OEWS. Reframes individual rankings against macro stakes.

Source · Anthropic Economic Index (CC BY 4.0)
Adoption signal

Adoption is the share of work in a role that already shows real-world AI usage. It separates roles where AI could apply from roles where it already does. A 0.0% reading means the AEI sample observed no measurable usage for that occupation, common for specialised medical, legal, and trade roles whose practitioners use domain-specific tooling rather than general-purpose chat assistants.

Rankings update when roles are added or inputs change. See the full Methodology for deterministic scoring inputs, weighting logic, and the full set of derivation rules.

FAQ

Questions about the rankings

How the scores are computed, how to read the columns, and how often the dataset moves.

Read deeper on the rankings

Background reading on what the leaderboards show

Curated articles on how to read these rankings, where the compression is hitting hardest, and what to do about your own structural position.

Testimonials

What Professionals Are Saying

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"I hire for a living and the structural reading reframed how I think about candidate positioning. Half of the candidates I was moving forward on were in structurally compressing roles regardless of how the title read. I am now screening for authority density, not title seniority. Quality of placements has noticeably shifted."

Ana Lucia Santos
Ana Lucia Santos
Senior Recruiter · Sao Paulo, Brazil

"Engineering leadership roles are supposed to appreciate under AI. The framework was more nuanced than that. It distinguished between engineering managers anchored in code review and those anchored in system architecture. The former is compressing. The latter is not. My role needed repositioning and the report named the specific move."

Ravi Menon
Ravi Menon
Chief Technology Officer · Mumbai, India

"The bimodal reading of finance roles matched my own observation of our internal career progression patterns. Junior analyst work has been hollowing out for two years. Senior deal work has not. The framework gave me specific language for something our partners had been sensing but not naming."

Charlotte Dubois
Charlotte Dubois
Investment Director · Geneva, Switzerland

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