AI Career Risk Rankings · Lowest Automation Risk

Top 100 AI-Safe Jobs

These are the 100 roles in the AI Career Index dataset with the lowest exposure scores: the careers best protected from being replaced by AI. The list uses the same 0 to 100 score used across the index, worked out the same way every time, flipped to show the lowest-exposure roles. Same role, same inputs, same ranking every time.

What this ranking shows

Why these jobs are safe from AI

The roles here last for one of four reasons. Some require a legal licence (medical, legal, engineering, accounting partner-track). Some carry personal responsibility that no software can take on (judges, executive officers, quality leaders, chartered professionals). Some need someone on site (proceduralists, surgeons, skilled trades, frontline operators). Some involve conflict only humans can handle (security investigators, regulators, complex deal-making). What they share is that the part a machine can do is small next to the human judgment that cannot be replaced.

AI-safe does not mean AI-free. Roles on this list still use AI to help with their tools: clinicians use ambient scribes, lawyers use Harvey, surgeons use AI-augmented imaging, executives use AI-drafted memos. The difference is that AI sits under the responsible human rather than replacing them. As AI takes over the work around these roles, the people who hold them tend to gain value, not lose it.

Use this list as a guide for school-leaver decisions, mid-career moves, parental-advice conversations, or planning work where safety from AI is part of the requirement. The Top 100 Best-Paid Durable Roles ranking takes this same low-risk group and re-sorts it by US median wage, which is the practical answer when both safety and pay matter.

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Type your job title to open the full read on your role: risk band, how much AI can automate, durable skills, the six-month plan, and where the role sits in the wider ranking.

The Ranking

Top 100 Roles with the Lowest Risk of Automation

Reading the columns: Median Wage from BLS OEWS, May 2025. AI Adoption is the share of work in the role already showing real-world AI usage today, from the Anthropic Economic Index; a 0% reading means no measurable usage in the AEI sample, not that AI cannot apply. Econ. Impact is the role's total US economic value (median wage × total US employment). Score is the combined AI exposure score, from 0 to 100.

#
Role
Median wage
AI Adoption
Econ. impact
Score
1
Solutions Architects
Technology·Low Exposure
$116,580/yr
31%
$50.76B
16/100
2
ServiceNow Developers
Technology·Low Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
16/100
3
UX Researchers
Technology·Low Exposure
$78,760/yr
65%
$70.85B
16/100
4
Crematory Operators
Operations·Low Exposure
$43,650/yr
1.9%
$129.6M
16/100
5
Non-Profit Directors
Operations·Low Exposure
$80,390/yr
18%
$16.83B
16/100
6
Mission Workers
Operations·Low Exposure
$45,930/yr
< 0.1%
$20.11B
16/100
7
Chief Privacy Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
16/100
8
Chief Growth Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
16/100
9
Venture Capitalists
Entrepreneurship·Low Exposure
$166,570/yr
39%
$140.20B
16/100
10
Actuaries
Finance·Low Exposure
$130,000/yr
5.4%
$3.47B
16/100
11
PE Associates
Banking·Low Exposure
$78,660/yr
44%
$38.51B
16/100
12
Facilities Managers
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$106,660/yr
13%
$16.66B
16/100
13
Theater Directors
Creative·Low Exposure
$90,360/yr
9.2%
$12.93B
16/100
14
Criminal Defense Attorneys
Legal·Low Exposure
$159,670/yr
17%
$120.47B
16/100
15
Solutions Engineers
Sales·Low Exposure
$124,900/yr
32%
$6.47B
16/100
16
Aerospace Engineers
Manufacturing·Low Exposure
$134,960/yr
7.5%
$9.14B
16/100
17
Massage Therapists
Personal Care & Services·Low Exposure
$58,450/yr
< 0.1%
$5.77B
16/100
18
Personal Trainers
Personal Care & Services·Low Exposure
$47,160/yr
< 0.1%
$15.23B
16/100
19
Oncologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16/100
20
Neurologists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$248,560/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16/100
21
Line Cooks
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$37,390/yr
1.2%
$52.72B
16/100
22
Wedding Planners
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$61,160/yr
10%
$8.74B
16/100
23
Paramedics
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$44,470/yr
< 0.1%
$8.03B
16/100
24
Sustainability Specialists
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$83,050/yr
18%
$90.28B
16/100
25
Park Rangers
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$90,230/yr
< 0.1%
$396.1M
16/100
26
Animal Scientists
Agriculture·Low Exposure
$68,940/yr
< 0.1%
$213.7M
16/100
27
Forestry Workers
Agriculture·Low Exposure
$43,680/yr
< 0.1%
$264.3M
16/100
28
Aquaculture Specialists
Agriculture·Low Exposure
$36,670/yr
< 0.1%
$1.20B
16/100
29
Vineyard Managers
Agriculture·Low Exposure
$89,900/yr
< 0.1%
$584.4M
16/100
30
Chemical Engineers
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$125,040/yr
< 0.1%
$2.63B
16/100
31
Social Workers
Government & Public Sector·Low Exposure
$59,550/yr
0.7%
$23.38B
16/100
32
Behavioral Economists
Science & Research·Low Exposure
$124,720/yr
24%
$2.22B
16/100
33
Property Tech Specialists
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
16/100
34
Conversation Designers
Design·Low Exposure
$104,000/yr
25%
$11.79B
16/100
35
Healthcare Consultants
Consulting·Low Exposure
$101,860/yr
24%
$91.50B
16/100
36
Design Engineers
Design·Low Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
16/100
37
Principal Designers
Design·Low Exposure
$104,000/yr
25%
$11.79B
16/100
38
Application Security Engineers
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$129,180/yr
49%
$24.63B
16/100
39
Innovation Consultants
Consulting·Low Exposure
$101,860/yr
24%
$91.50B
16/100
40
Funeral Arrangers
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$55,010/yr
< 0.1%
$1.38B
16/100
41
Cyber Operations Officers
Military & Defense·Low Exposure
$129,180/yr
49%
$24.63B
16/100
42
Defense Systems Engineers
Military & Defense·Low Exposure
$120,630/yr
5.9%
$23.98B
16/100
43
Special Operations Aircrew
Military & Defense·Low Exposure
$123,220/yr
< 0.1%
$5.87B
16/100
44
Power Distributors and Dispatchers
Environment & Energy·Low Exposure
$106,730/yr
< 0.1%
$909.3M
16/100
45
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$60,280/yr
< 0.1%
$8.01B
16/100
46
Heavy Equipment Mechanics
Skilled Trades & Manual Labor·Low Exposure
$65,510/yr
< 0.1%
$11.57B
16/100
47
Painters, Construction and Maintenance
Skilled Trades & Manual Labor·Low Exposure
$49,400/yr
< 0.1%
$11.12B
16/100
48
Red Team Engineers
Technology·Low Exposure
$129,180/yr
49%
$24.63B
16/100
49
Highway Maintenance Workers
Skilled Trades & Manual Labor·Low Exposure
$50,260/yr
< 0.1%
$7.79B
16/100
50
Preschool and Childcare Administrators
Education·Low Exposure
$59,300/yr
4.0%
$4.37B
16/100
51
School Nurses
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$97,550/yr
5.9%
$329.69B
16/100
52
Aquatic Therapists
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$102,760/yr
1.7%
$27.47B
16/100
53
Addiction Medicine Physicians
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$265,930/yr
3.0%
$91.14B
16/100
54
Appellate Attorneys
Legal·Low Exposure
$159,670/yr
17%
$120.47B
16/100
55
Other Protective Service Supervisor Roles
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$76,400/yr
1.2%
$1.58B
16/100
56
Philosophy and Religion Postsecondary Teachers
Education·Low Exposure
$80,260/yr
22%
$1.64B
16/100
57
Ambulance Drivers and Attendants
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$35,450/yr
< 0.1%
$447.7M
16/100
58
Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers (Postsecondary)
Education·Low Exposure
$77,270/yr
11%
$975.9M
16/100
59
Social Work Teachers (Postsecondary)
Education·Low Exposure
$77,570/yr
< 0.1%
$978.2M
16/100
60
Disc Jockeys (Except Radio)
Creative·Low Exposure
$59,400/yr
14%
$33.39B
16/100
61
Cooks (Private Household)
Personal Care & Services·Low Exposure
$47,940/yr
< 0.1%
$52.7M
16/100
62
Computer Vision Engineers
Technology·Low Exposure
$120,230/yr
46%
$31.55B
17/100
63
Spectrum Analysts
Technology·Low Exposure
$99,130/yr
34%
$31.16B
17/100
64
SAP Consultants
Technology·Low Exposure
$116,580/yr
31%
$50.76B
17/100
65
Project Managers
Operations·Low Exposure
$102,320/yr
-
-
17/100
66
Embalmers
Operations·Low Exposure
$58,780/yr
< 0.1%
$228.7M
17/100
67
Chief AI Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
17/100
68
Chief Compliance Officers
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$213,990/yr
3.3%
$43.73B
17/100
69
Sports Marketing Managers
Marketing·Low Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
17/100
70
Construction Managers
Construction & Engineering·Low Exposure
$114,990/yr
12%
$43.74B
17/100
71
Real Estate Investment Analysts
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$102,740/yr
57%
$37.19B
17/100
72
Real Estate Asset Managers
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$102,740/yr
57%
$37.19B
17/100
73
Casting Directors
Creative·Low Exposure
$90,360/yr
9.2%
$12.93B
17/100
74
Legal Advisors
Legal·Low Exposure
$159,670/yr
17%
$120.47B
17/100
75
Partnership Managers
Sales·Low Exposure
$148,270/yr
4.3%
$94.46B
17/100
76
General Practitioners
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$256,560/yr
8.4%
$17.23B
17/100
77
Surgeons
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$358,550/yr
< 0.1%
$5.06B
17/100
78
Mental Health Counselors
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$60,320/yr
5.2%
$62.45B
17/100
79
Midwives
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$134,040/yr
5.2%
$1.06B
17/100
80
Health Coaches
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$51,850/yr
< 0.1%
$3.20B
17/100
81
Biosafety Officers
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$90,150/yr
< 0.1%
$12.68B
17/100
82
Game Wardens
Security & Safety·Low Exposure
$74,060/yr
< 0.1%
$427.3M
17/100
83
Treasury Department Analysts
Government & Public Sector·Low Exposure
$81,100/yr
22%
$10.72B
17/100
84
Geneticists
Science & Research·Low Exposure
$103,410/yr
3.8%
$17.82B
17/100
85
Fractional Heads of Product
Executive Leadership·Low Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
17/100
86
Casino Hosts
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$79,520/yr
9.7%
$3.02B
17/100
87
Commercial Real Estate Investors
Real Estate·Low Exposure
$102,740/yr
57%
$37.19B
17/100
88
Synthetic Data Engineers
Technology·Low Exposure
$135,980/yr
29%
$229.52B
17/100
89
AI Operations Managers
Operations·Low Exposure
$105,770/yr
14%
$370.51B
17/100
90
Customer Advocacy Managers
Customer Success·Low Exposure
$166,790/yr
32%
$65.92B
17/100
91
Omnichannel Managers
Retail & Ecommerce·Low Exposure
$105,770/yr
14%
$370.51B
17/100
92
Independent Consultants
Consulting·Low Exposure
$101,860/yr
24%
$91.50B
17/100
93
Livestock Farmers
Agriculture·Low Exposure
$89,900/yr
< 0.1%
$584.4M
17/100
94
Watch and Clock Repairers
Construction & Engineering·Low Exposure
$67,230/yr
< 0.1%
$88.1M
17/100
95
Cooks
Hospitality & Travel·Low Exposure
$37,390/yr
1.2%
$52.72B
17/100
96
Cement Masons
Skilled Trades & Manual Labor·Low Exposure
$57,020/yr
< 0.1%
$11.76B
17/100
97
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
Skilled Trades & Manual Labor·Low Exposure
$39,150/yr
< 0.1%
$37.30B
17/100
98
Secondary School Teachers
Education·Low Exposure
$72,040/yr
29%
$76.74B
17/100
99
Dental Assistants
Healthcare·Low Exposure
$48,070/yr
< 0.1%
$18.64B
17/100
100
Elementary Special Education Teachers
Education·Low Exposure
$67,170/yr
13%
$39.19B
17/100
Methodology

How these rankings are computed

Two things feed every row: a score we work out ourselves the same way every time, and three outside public datasets that sit alongside it without changing the score.

AI Career Index framework
In-house · same every time
Consistent scoring

Exposure scores come from the mix of work in each role. Same role, same score, every time. No machine learning, no survey data.

In-house · work split
The mix of work

Each role is split into routine, strategic, and relational work, using a category baseline plus role-specific tweaks. The routine share drives the exposure score.

External public datasets
Source · BLS OEWS, May 2025
Wage data

US median annual wages from BLS OEWS. Wage compression multiplies the share of routine work by median wage to show where the dollar value of compression is largest.

Derived · BLS OEWS
Econ. Impact

Total US economic value of the role, computed as median wage multiplied by total US employment from BLS OEWS. Puts each role's ranking against the bigger economic picture.

Source · Anthropic Economic Index (CC BY 4.0)
Adoption signal

Adoption is the share of work in a role that already shows real-world AI usage. It separates roles where AI could apply from roles where it already does. A 0.0% reading means the AEI sample observed no measurable usage for that occupation, common for specialised medical, legal, and trade roles whose practitioners use their own specialist software rather than general-purpose chat assistants.

Rankings update when roles are added or inputs change. See the full Methodology for the scoring inputs, the weighting, and the full set of rules.

Full dataset

Download the complete ranking

All 1592 roles with their exposure scores, work mix, median wage, and wage compression in CSV or JSON format. Available to Premium members and workforce-licensed teams.

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FAQ

Common questions about this ranking

See Also

Other rankings in this set

Three other views of the same data, each answering a different career-planning question.

Read on AI-safe careers

What's holding through the AI economy

Articles on the traits that protect a role from being replaced by AI, plus the careers and industries gaining value in real terms.

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